This episode continues the conversation with Dr. Alireza Falahati, an endocrinologist, on a deep dive into thyroid gland disorders and their treatment. Dr. Falahati discusses the importance of iodine in thyroid function and explains how deficiencies in modern diets—caused by trends like using non-iodized salts—can lead to thyroid dysfunctions. He recommends kelp supplements as a source of iodine for individuals at risk of deficiency and highlights the significance of selenium, which helps reduce inflammation in thyroid conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

The discussion shifts to the relationship between lifestyle factors, such as stress and diet, and thyroid health. Dr. Falahati emphasizes how high cortisol levels caused by stress or lack of sleep can interfere with the conversion of T4 to T3, exacerbating symptoms of hypothyroidism. He also covers the role of cruciferous vegetables in thyroid function and assures listeners that while these vegetables contain goitrogens, which can block iodine absorption, their benefits far outweigh any potential negative effects in a typical diet.

Lastly, the conversation explores various thyroid conditions like Hashimoto's disease and Graves' disease. Dr. Falahati explains that Hashimoto’s can lead to both hypothyroidism and the development of thyroid nodules, while Graves’ disease causes hyperthyroidism. He outlines the treatment options for these conditions, ranging from thyroid hormone replacement therapy to innovative treatments like radiofrequency ablation for thyroid nodules. Dr. Falahati stresses the importance of early diagnosis and careful management to prevent long-term complications like osteoporosis or heart problems in hyperthyroid patients.